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发表于 2009-4-14 10:18
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[文学] The road to serfdom 摘录
英文版The Road to Serfdom <通向奴役之路>，作者哈耶克。本人既体会
其观点也学习其语言。该作者文章思维严谨，句子结构精巧，词汇准确高级。
括弧里的批注都是我根据该文的历史背景作出的引申。摘录一些精华，共同欣赏。
For at least 25 years before the spectre of totalitarianism became a real
threat, we had progressively been moving away from the basic ideas on which
European civilisation has been built. That this movement on which we have
entered with such high hopes and ambitions should have brought us face to face
with totalitarian horror has come as a profound shock to this generation, which
still refuses to connect the two facts.
在极权主义的幽灵变成一个真实的威胁之前至少25年，我们逐渐地远离了作为欧洲文明基石的基本
信条（批注：在德国、意大利、俄国的法西斯主义和共产主义成为威胁之前，英、法等国也
逐渐远离了自由主义，而自由主义正是欧洲文明的基石）。
这个趋势，承载着我们很高的期望和理想，却差点导致我们和极权主义的恐怖面对面，这令
这一代人感到深深的震惊。而这一代人仍然拒绝把这两个事实结合起来。
The essential features of that individualism which, from elements provided b
Christianity and the philosophy of classical aniquity, was first fully developed
during the Renaissance and has since grown and spread into what we know as
Western European civilisation--the respect for the individual man qua man, that
is the recognition of his own views and tastes as supreme in his own sphere,
however narrowly that may be circumscribed, and the belief that it is desirable
that men should develop their own individual gifts and bents.
个人主义的基本要素，来自于基督教和古典主义哲学，于文艺复兴时期首次发展完全，并且
在我们今天所知的西欧文明里生根发芽。个人主义的基本要素即：对个体的人之为人的尊重；
承认他的观点和爱好在他自我的空间里是至高无上的，不管这种观点和爱好有多狭隘；这样
的信念：应该推崇每个人发展个人的天赋和爱好。
The gradual transformation of a rigidly organised hierarchic system into one
where men could at least attemp to shape their own life, where man gained the
opportunity of knowing and choosing between different forms of life, is closely
associated with the growth of commerce.
从一个严格的等级森严的社会逐渐转变为一个（有更多自由）的社会，这个进程和商业的发
展是紧密相随的。在这个有更多自由的社会里，人们至少可以塑造自己的生活，人们有机会
了解和选择不同的生活方式。
What has always made the state a hell on earth has been precisely that man has
tried to make it heaven.
（对一个国家来说）通往地狱的路，恰恰是通向天堂的美好愿望铺成的。
（批注：哈耶克的这本书诞生于法西斯、共产主义得势的历史背景，作者的文章充满驳论的性质，把
自由主义和法西斯、共产主义作对比，捍卫前者，批判后两者，包括把后两者提到的“自由
”概念和自由主义的“自由”区分开。作者反对中央规划、集体主义，认为这些导致自由的
丧失。作为诸多派别政治理论的一种，仅作参考。
哈耶克的观点和马克思的理论是针锋相对的。马克思认为社会化大生产是方向，认为共产主义才带来真正的自由——在物质极大丰富的世界，人们物质和精神上的选择范围最大化。哈耶克认为社会化大生产是反自由的，他认为马克思提到的自由，不过是权力和财富的代名词，不是真正的自由，哈耶克认为的自由就是一个人不屈从于别人的意志。）
The finest opportunity ever given to the world as thrown away because the passion for equality made vain the hope for freedom.
这个世界最好的机遇被扔掉了，因为追求平等的激情使人们对自由的希望变得徒然无助（追求平等使人们丢弃了对自由的渴望）。 |
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,很长很深奥！看来我还是保留着继续喝立顿茶的水平！